All analyses utilize a baseline reference period of 1995 to 2024.

Historical climate and vegetation data are derived from the following datasets:

• GridMET: Daily high-resolution gridded meteorological dataset providing precipitation, temperature, and derived climate indices. [Abatzoglou, 2013]
• MOD13, MOD16 and MOD17 Satellite Products: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation greenness, evapotranspiration and plant productivity estimates. [Didan et al., 2015] [Running et al., 2017] [Running et al., 2015]
• RAP: Rangeland Analysis Platform providing vegetation cover and net primary productivity estimates for grasslands and shrublands. [Allred et al., 2021]

Future climate projections are based on downscaled outputs from CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6) models processed through the NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 dataset. Projections span multiple emission scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) and are compared to the 1995 - 2024 reference period.

[Thrasher et al., 2022; NASA NEX-GDDP-CMIP6]